General

Public text. This clause is public in the draft. The statement below is ours and the clause number is the citation; the official wording is the one to check against.

What it says, in our words

The general part says that the familiar threats do not disappear in a big data environment: the advanced persistent threat, distributed denial of service and data mining issues are still there. What changes is that the characteristics add risk on top. It says that traditional techniques such as firewalls and perimeter tools do not carry across a big data infrastructure, and it names fake data generation, multi-cloud vulnerabilities and data cleansing as notable issues. Access control needs finer privilege management, and distributed storage and processing across systems and devices add risk and make detection slower. It closes on AI and LLMs, which generate data at scale, process complex content and change quickly.

What it means for an ISMS manager

This is the paragraph to put in front of a budget holder. It does not say the existing controls are waste; it says they are not sufficient by themselves, and it names the reasons in plain terms. The practical reading is a short list of questions for the platform team: where does the data sit across tiers and clouds, who can read it and with what privilege, how is data cleaned and where does the cleaned copy live, and how quickly would an event be detected across the distributed estate. The AI paragraph deserves its own answer. If models or LLMs generate data that the platform then stores, the provenance question is a security question, because data whose origin cannot be traced cannot be classified with confidence. Ask for the lineage record before the next audit, not after it.

What an auditor samples

• The platform architecture diagram, showing tiers, clouds, protocols and trust boundaries.
• The privilege model, with the roles that can read or export the largest data sets.
• The data cleansing and lineage record, naming the tool, the owner and the last review.
• The detection time measured in a test, not the target in a runbook.

Evidence lines are the artefacts an auditor or a reviewer asks to see. They are named here so the work can be planned; they are not a certificate and they do not replace the official text.